THE TERMINOLOGY FOR WHEELED TRANSPORT
AND SMELTING OF METALS

CEREMONIAL STATUETTES FROM LCHASHEN. XV-XIVTH CENTURIES BC.

by Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov
Scientific American, March 1990, P.110

Another significant clue to the identification of the Indo-European home land is provided by the terminology for wheeled transport. There are words for "wheel" (*rotho-), "axle" (*hakhs-), "yoke" (*iak'om) and associated gear. "Horse" is *ekhos and "foal" *pholo. The bronze parts of the chariot and the bronze tools, with which chariots were fashioned from mountain hardwoods, furnish words that embrace the smelting of metals. Petroglyphs, symbols marked on stone, found in the area from the Transcaucasus to upper Mesopotamia between the lakes Van and Urmia are the earliest pictures of horse-drawn chariots.

BUST OF THE MITANNIAN KING I D M I R I.
SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

TWO UP AND DOWN POINTING PENTAGRAMS
ON SPHERICAL CIRCUMFERENCE.
FROM TOLORS. SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

ARMIN RIDERS RENOWNED FOR THEIR LOVE AND PROFOUND CARE OF HORSES.
THE TRADITION CONTINUED WELL INTO ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES AS
ACCOUNTED BY COUNTLESS ANTIQUE AND MEDIEVAL HISTORIANS.

The postulated homeland of the Indo-Europeans is, if not the only region, certainly one of the regions in which the horse completed its domestication and was harnessed as a draft animal in the fourth millennium B.C. From here wheeled vehicles spread with the migration of the Indo-Europeans in the third and second millennia B.C. eastward to central Asia, westward to the Balkans, and in a circular motion around the Black Sea and thence to central Europe.
 

ANOTHER MIRACULOUSLY WELL PRESERVED WAGON FROM
THE LCHASHEN DIG.  BEGINNING OF THE SECOND MILLENNIUM B.C.

The chariot provides significant evidence of cultural mixing, for chariots figured in the funerary and other religious rites of both the Indo-European peoples and the Mesopotamians. Contact with other western Asiatic cultures is also evidenced in the sharing of various mythological subjects—for example, the theft of the Hesperian apples by Hercules and similar tales in Norse and Celtic.

ANTHROPOMORPHIC [MORE ACHING TO FEMININE, PERHAPS HIGH
PRIESTESSES/SHAMANS STATUETTES FROM AYRUM. XV-XIVTH CENTURIES BC.

WARRIORS ARMED WITH SPEARS, SHIELDS AND WEARING HELMETS WITH ERECT
PHALLI. STATUETTES FROM AYRUM. XV-XIVTH CENTURIES BC.

AYRUDZI [LIT. HORSEMAN]

TRACE OF A FIGURINE OF ARMIN WARRIOR CHARIOTEERS.
PARAVAK‛AR. SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

SUPERBLY MADE STATUETTE OF THE RENOWNED ARMAN
CHARIOTEER WARRIORS MARY-ANNU -- MAR-VISHAP -- LIT. SONS OF
DRAGONS MAR + AN[U]...INDO-EUROPEAN KINSMEN MARA-STAN-- MEDES].
ON THE AXE/POLE [WITH LEFT AND RIGHT FACING ARMS...].
NOTE THE UP + DOWN TRIANGLES -- HEAVEN + EARTH PATTERN.
REINDEER IN FRONT AS THE GUIDING NORTHERN LIGHT.
NOTE THE SEVEN CONVERGING TRIANGULAR SPOKES ON THE WHEELS.
SEVAN BASIN. SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

FINELY MADE DECORATIVE CRYSTAL BALL PLACED ON THE HEAD
OF THE CHERISHED STEED OF THE ARMENIAN HORSEMAN. EREBUNI.
BEGINNING OF FIRST MILLENNIUM BC.

THE CHERISHED BLACK STEED OF ARMENIAN RIDERS
FROM THE SURVIVING BEAUTIFUL FRESCOS OF EREBUNI PALACE.
VIIITH CENTURY BC.



WHEEL SPOKES OF THE CHARIOTS RECOVERED FROM LCHASHEN
IN THE FORM OF THE EIGHT POINTED [MALTESE] CROSS.
 

WARRIOR'S SWORD AND DECORATED
DAGGER SHEAF WITH SUBLIME COSMIC SYMBOLISM.
SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

SOME OF THE COUNTLESS SOLAR MEDALLIONS FOUND THROUGHOUT AR-MEN-IA

THE ERODED [ONCE SMOOTH SLAB...] STONES OF CA. 7,500 YEAR OLD SACRED KARAHUNJ.
THE ALPINE CLIMATE OF ARMENIAN HIGHLAND IS MORE SEVERE THAN THAT OF
SIMILAR SITES THROUGHOUT EUROPE, PARTICULARLY FRANCE AND BRITAIN.
THE PROTOTYPE OF STONEHENGE-ESQUE MEGALITHIC STRUCTURES
[CALLED CYCLOPEAN THAT INCLUDE HUGE DOLMENS...ACCORDING
TO PRIMORDIAL ARMAN EPIC TRADITIONS BUILT BY GIANTS]
 ERECTED ACCORDING TO THE SAME MASTER PLAN, FOR
THE SAME SACRED PURPOSE [SEE BELOW].

AERIAL VIEW OF KARAHUNJ ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY SHOWING THE INNER
MOST CIRCLE OF THE SACRED SITE. IDENTICALLY TO THE LATER STONEHENGE
THE INNER CIRCLE OF THE OBSERVATORY HAS A 'LINE' PASSING THROUGH THE
CIRCLE [PRECESSION...WINGED SERPENT] MARKED WITH SACRED STONES...

A TRULY UNIQUE PRICELESS AND HIGHLY MEANINGFUL
KHACHKAR. SEVEN STEPPED PYRAMID
CAPPED BY AN OBELISK LEADS TO THE COSMIC
CROSS [CRUX] THAT IN TURN IS MARKED WITH FOUR
SMALLER EQUILATERAL CROSSES ON ITS FOUR SIDES...
THE SYMBOL OF ORION [HAYK] WAS TAKEN BY GODFROI DE BOUILLON
AS THE KING OF EDESSA [ADOPTED AS THE ARMENIAN SON
AND HEIR TO THE THRONE OF EDESSA BY HEIRLESS PRINCE TOROS]
AND ULTIMATELY CARRYING THE SYMBOL OF UR-HAI AS THE NEW
KING OF JERUSALEM.

GOLDEN MEDALLION. SHENGAVIT‛ [NOW A DISTRICT WITHIN GREATER YEREVAN].
THIRD MILLENNIUM BC. ANDROGYNOUS SYMBOL OF GOD/DESS.
ARGAND [FEMININE VULVA] AS WELL AS ARNANDAM [MASCULINE PHALLUS]...
TWO [CIRCLES] TESTICLES AS WELL AS FALLOPIAN TUBES [CRESCENT].
THREE ROWS THAT CONTAIN 13 [4+5+4] UPWARD AND 11 [3+4+4] DOWNWARD
POINTING TRIANGLES. NOTE THE TWO 'Z' [ZIGZAG DOUBLE SEVEN-SEVEN] SHAPES
ON THE PROTRUDING SECTION. THE ETCHED LINES ON PERIPHERY AS WELL AS
WITHIN TRIANGLES INDICATE MOVEMENT...BINARY UNION [TWO DOTS/SPHERES...]
LEADS TO TERNARY SYNTHESIS...THE [BLACK] SUN [SIRIUS/SOTHIS/NIBIRU]
BEHIND THE [GOLDEN] SUN...

COLORED CLAY PITCHER WITH GEOMETRICAL ORNAMENTS
FROM SISEAN [SIWNIK‛ PROVINCE]. XVII-XVIIITH CENTURIES BC.
NOTE THE SACRED PYRAMID [HEAVEN + EARTH UNION] FORMED BY FOUR
BLACK AND WHITE CONVERGING TRIANGLES...

BEAUTIFUL GOLDEN NECKLACE FOUND ON THE REMAINS OF
A NOBLEWOMAN. XIV-XIIITH CENTURIES BC. FIVE  [2+1+2] DISTINCT
LARGER EMBELLISHED BEADS IN THE CENTER FLANKED BY 22
[11+11...] SMALLER DOTTED [MOLECULE-LIKE CLUSTERS] BEADS.

Moreover, the Semitic and Indo-European languages each identify man with the earth. In Hebrew, adam means "man" and adamahmeans "earth"; both were derived from a root in the Semitic protolanguage (cf. Genesis 2: 7, ". . . God formed man from the dust of the ground"). "Human" and "humus" came to English through Latin ( homo, humus) from *dheghom-, the word for "earth" and "man" (etymologically, "earthly creature") in the Indo-European protolanguage. The rooting of the Indo-European languages in

LCHASHEN. AMULET. SECOND MILLENNIUM BC

MORE EXAMPLES OF THE OUTSTANDING WAGONS FROM LCHACHEN.
SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

CROSS PATTEE ON ARMIN WARRIOR'S BELT.
ARARAT. BEGINNING OF FIRST MILLENNIUM BC.

DECORATED DAGGER SHEAF WITH
THE SYMBOL OF LIFE AND ETERNITY [ATOM/MACROCOSM
SIX RINGS ON THE AST-ER-ISK FIRE [REASON OF THE WARRIOR] LEADS
TO THE CENTER/CORE SEVEN...ALONG WITH THE CRESCENTS
[LUNAR FEM. INFLUENCE ON EARTH/MICROCOSM/MAN INTUITION OF THE
WARRIOR...]. BELT IN THE FORM OF PYRAMIDAL X SQUARE ALONG WITH
DECORATIVE SPHERICAL RINGS.

COSMIC SYMBOLS WITH PROFOUND MEANING IN THE FORM OF
AMULETS, ARMLETS AND BRACELETS
WERE WORN AS CHARMS AND PROTECTION [CHARAKHAPAN] EMBLEMS.
SYUNIK [SIWNIK‛]. SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

ANCIENT TEMPLAR GRAND SEAL.
UNBROKEN SOLAR ARMANI-ARAM TRADITION.

FORM IMPRESSION SEAL MANUFACTURER FROM DUIN [DVIN].
SECOND MILLENNIUM BC. THE IMPRESSION ON THE
LEFT IS IN THE PATTERN OF THE GRAND SOLAR SEAL.

KARAHUNJ-STONEHENGE SACRED TEMPLES MADE UP OF HUGE STONE
SLABS COMMONLY KNOWN AS CYCLOPEAN STRUCTURES AND ACCORDING
TO LEGENDARY ACCOUNTS ERECTED 'MAGICALLY' BY GIANTS [
MERLIN ACCORDING TO THE DRUIDIC LORE] USING
SUPERIOR TECHNOLOGY [SOUND LEVITATION]. THE STONE [ROCK] STOOD
FOR KAYTS-KEANK/KING/QUEEN]...DIVINE SPARK WITHIN THE ROCK [CAVE...]
FROM LEON S. STOVER'S AND BRUCE KRAIG'S
STONEHENGE: THE INDO-EUROPEAN HERITAGE, LONDON, 1978.

7/ 22 [2+2=4] FATHER [SEVEN] OVER SON/SUN [22].
...LIKE FATHER LIKE SON....

Π STARGATE OF KARAHUNJ-STONEHENGE GEOMANTICALLY UNITED
WITH METSAMOR [LIT. GREAT MOTHER'S] ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY
AND ARMANEN WISDOM TEMPLES INCLUDING DELPHIC ORACLES
AND THE GREAT PYRAMID [ORION].

RUNIC INSCRIPTION

eastern Anatolia is also suggested by the frequency of words borrowed from a number of languages that flourished there: Semitic, Kartvelian, Sumerian and even Egyptian. Conversely, Indo-European contributed words to each of those languages. Nickolai 1. Vavilov, a prominent Soviet plant geneticist, found a vivid instance of such an exchange: the Russian vinograd ("grape"), the Italic

PIN WITH THE TIP IN THE FORM OF RAM'S HEAD.
SOLAR SYMBOL OF THE ONE  'FIXED POLE' FROM
WHICH EMANATE TWO SPIRALS SPINNING
RIGHT AND LEFT, STANDING FOR AMONG OTHER THINGS
MOVEMENT OF LUMINARIES AS WELL AS EYES [SPIRITUAL VISION]
-- COSMIC [EIGHT] INFINITI.
 PERPETUAL ARMAN SYMBOL
RECURRENT THROUGHOUT MILLENNIA.


SOL + LUNA HARMONY BRACELET. SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

MORE COSMIC MEDALLIONS OF PROTECTION AND SOLAR POWER
FROM SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

DECORATED CEREMONIAL SHEATHS AND A DAGGER
WITH SUBLIME COSMIC SYMBOLISM.
ON THE LEFT -- ON ONE VERTICAL STEM
TWO SERPENTINE HEADS...TURNED TOWARDS
OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS... CONVERGENT AND DIVERGENT TRIANGLES
TWO SUNS [BELOW WITH DOT IN THE CENTER...]
NOTE THE MARKED 'ASTERISK' [HYDROGEN/ATOM/SNOWFLAKE] ABOVE.
ON THE RIGHT -- VERTICAL SERPENT SET AGAINST TRIANGLES
HEAD POINTED TOWARDS HEAVEN + EARTH X UNION [8-ETERNITY...].

POT FROM SANAHIN DECORATED WITH FOUR VISHAP-SERPENTS
THAT LEAD TO THE SOURCE OF THE VESSEL...IN THE FORM OF
V-ESQUE MARKINGS...INDICATING MOVEMENT/SPINNING COSMIC WHEEL.
LEOPARD CENTERED BETWEEN THE HANDLES. SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

CAULDRON TRIPOD FROM HAŁARTSIN [IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO SANAHIN],
NORTHERN ARMENIA MADE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.
FOR PREPARATION OF RELIGIOUS FOOD.
IDENTICAL SYMBOLISM FOR THE SACRED VESSEL
THAT SERVED THE SAME PURPOSE FOR MILLENNIA
OF UNBROKEN ARMENIAN NATIONAL TRADITION.

SPIRALS SPINNING IN BOTH DIRECTIONS ON THE GREAT DRAGON SHIPS [SEAHORSE].

TERRESTRIAL LAYOUT OF THE 12 HOUSES OF THE ZODIAC
MIRRORING AND RECORDING THE PRECESSIONAL CYCLE.

vino and the Germanic wein ("wine"). These all reach back to the Indo-European *woi-no (or *wei-no), the proto-Semitic *wajnu, the Egyptian *wns, the Kartvelian *wing and the Hittite *wijana.

REVIVAL OF THE DRUIDIC HEATHEN [HETANOS-ETHNOS LIT. NATIONAL] WISDOM
TOOK PLACE IN EARLY XVIIITH CENTURY [1717] AND CONTINUES TODAY
AS JOVIAL CEREMONIES ARE HELD ON THE 8 IMPORTANT HOLY DAYS
OF THE 365 DAY SOLAR YEAR.

We concede that in the broad territory in which we have placed the homeland of the Indo-Europeans there is no archaeological evidence of a culture that can be positively linked to them. Archaeologists have identified, however, a number of sites that bear evidence of a material and spiritual culture similar to the one implied by the Indo-European lexicon. The Halafian culture of northern Mesopotamia decorated its vessels with religious symbols—bulls' horns and sometimes rams' heads, which are masculine symbols,

BRACELET FROM ENOK‛AVAN. SECOND MILLENNIUM BC.

FINELY MADE SILVER JUG. VIITH CENTURY BC.

A R E G - S U N  IN THE CENTER OF SEVEN TRAD. LUMINARIES.
3 + 3 LEAD TO THE CENTER [SEVENTH FIXED POLE CAPPED
WITH THE EQUILATERAL SOLAR CROSS. TRIPLE CRESCENT
STANDING FOR THE VESSEL/GODDESS/REFLECTIVE MOON
AND ALSO THE BOAT CONNOTING THE MOVEMENT OF
THE SUN THROUGH THE CELESTIAL HEAVEN]
COSMIC AMULET FROM METSAMOR-GREAT MOTHER.

and ritual images of leopard skins—that are shared by the somewhat later Catal Huyuk culture of the seventh millennium B.C. in western Anatolia. Both cultures have affinities with the later Transcaucasian culture in the region embraced by the Kura [Kur] and the Araks rivers, which includes southern Transcaucasia, eastern Anatolia end northern Iran.

ARARATIAN SEAL. SCALES/STARGATE ABOVE THE
WINGED SUN DISK WITH FLYING PEGASUS.
ALL WITHIN THE CIRCLE OF INFINITE.